féodal - перевод на Английский
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féodal - перевод на Английский

COMBINATION OF LEGAL AND MILITARY CUSTOMS AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE
FeudalisM; Feudal system; Feudal society; Feudal; Feudalist; Feudal law; Feudalistic; Feudal regime; Feudalists; Feodal; Fedual; Fuedal Age; Semi-feudal; Semifeudal; Feudalsim; Feudal monarchy; Feoff system; Feof system; Feudal state; Fuedalism; Feudal monarchies; Feudality; Feudal times; Feudalisation; Law of fiefs; Feudal nobleman; Feudal culture; Feudal organization of society; The Feudal System; Fuedal system; Feodal system; Leud; Historiography of feudalism; Historiography of Feudalism; Feudal lordship; Feudal Age; Europe fuedalism; Feudal Society; Fuedal Society; Feudal homage; Feudals; Feudal lords; Feudal Monarchy; Antifeudalism; Antifeudal; Feudalized; Feudal period; Feudalization; Feudal overlords; Feudal mode of production; Feudalism (Marxist theory); Western European feudalism
  • Order of the Knot]], founded in 1352 by [[Louis I of Naples]]).
  • Minnesinger]], was depicted with his noble arms in [[Codex Manesse]].
  • Clermont-en-Beauvaisis]]
  • France in the late 15th century: a mosaic of feudal territories
  • Depiction of [[socage]] on the royal [[demesne]] in feudal England, c. 1310
  • [[Orava Castle]] in Slovakia. A medieval castle is a traditional symbol of a feudal society.

féodal      
feudal, of or pertaining to an ongoing conflict; of or pertaining to a fief or fee; of or pertaining to feudalism, pertaining to the political and social system of medieval Europe
féodalement      
feudally, in a feudalistic manner, according to the feudal system

Определение

Feodal

Википедия

Feudalism

Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, is a term used to describe the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour. Although it is derived from the Latin word feodum or feudum (fief), which was used during the Medieval period, the term feudalism and the system which it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people who lived during the Middle Ages. The classic definition, by François Louis Ganshof (1944), describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations which existed among the warrior nobility and revolved around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.

A broader definition of feudalism, as described by Marc Bloch (1939), includes not only the obligations of the warrior nobility but the obligations of all three estates of the realm: the nobility, the clergy, and the peasantry, all of whom were bound by a system of manorialism; this is sometimes referred to as a "feudal society". Since the publication of Elizabeth A. R. Brown's "The Tyranny of a Construct" (1974) and Susan Reynolds's Fiefs and Vassals (1994), there has been ongoing inconclusive discussion among medieval historians as to whether feudalism is a useful construct for understanding medieval society.

Примеры употребления для féodal
1. Jean–Claude Péclet Lundi 26 mai 2008 La Suisse, Etat féodal?
2. Fonctionnement féodal Mais pour ętre plus libre, l‘Université ne se doit–elle pas d‘ętre irréprochable?
3. Lesprit féodal de gouvernance ronge tous les espaces de la société, jusquŕ la vie sportive.
4. François Bayrou, 55 ans, est un féodal qui ne s‘aime pas vassal.
5. Aux yeux du syst';me féodal, cet acte–lŕ devrait valoir ŕ son auteur l‘exécution capitale.